Efficiency of modulation in integrated optical circuits

Physics – Optics

Scientific paper

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Electro-Optics, Integrated Optics, Modulation, Phase Modulation, Amplitude Modulation, Efficiency, Electric Fields, Transformations (Mathematics)

Scientific paper

A technique for estimating the modulation efficiency of IO circuits is developed and applied. The Pockels electrooptic effect is examined theoretically, the principle of operation of an IO phase modulator is explained, and equations for calculating the inhomogeneous control field and modulation efficiency are derived and applied to a typical LiNbO3-based device. The effects of horizontal and vertical fields and the relative position of the mode in other configurations are investigated, and sample calculations are performed to obtain the control voltages of a phase modulator (15.7 V for L = 10 mm and lambda = 850 nm), an amplitude modulator (7.85 V for the same L and lambda, assuming polarization-independent operation), and a Cobra-type directional coupler (7.83 V for interguide space 5 microns, electrode width 40 microns, and the same L and lambda). Drawings of typical devices and graphs of the results are included.

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