Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
1996-12-18
Physics
Quantum Physics
26 pages, LaTeX, 4 PS figures embedded. Reprints available from the authors or http://eve.physics.ox.ac.uk/QChome.html
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevA.56.1177
It has recently been shown that there are efficient algorithms for quantum computers to solve certain problems, such as prime factorization, which are intractable to date on classical computers. The chances for practical implementation, however, are limited by decoherence, in which the effect of an external environment causes random errors in the quantum calculation. To combat this problem, quantum error correction schemes have been proposed, in which a single quantum bit (qubit) is ``encoded'' as a state of some larger number of qubits, chosen to resist particular types of errors. Most such schemes are vulnerable, however, to errors in the encoding and decoding itself. We examine two such schemes, in which a single qubit is encoded in a state of $n$ qubits while subject to dephasing or to arbitrary isotropic noise. Using both analytical and numerical calculations, we argue that error correction remains beneficial in the presence of weak noise, and that there is an optimal time between error correction steps, determined by the strength of the interaction with the environment and the parameters set by the encoding.
Barenco Adriano
Brun Todd A.
Schack Ruediger
Spiller Tim
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