Effects of geomagnetic storms in the lower ionosphere, middle atmosphere and troposphere.

Details Effects of geomagnetic storms in the lower ionosphere, middle atmosphere and troposphere. Effects of geomagnetic storms in the lower ionosphere, middle atmosphere and troposphere.

May 1996

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1996jatp...58..831l&link_type=abstract

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 58, No. 7, p. 831 - 843

Physics

42

Earth Magnetosphere: Storms, Earth Magnetosphere: Earth Ionosphere, Earth Magnetosphere: Earth Thermosphere, Earth Magnetosphere: Earth Mesosphere, Earth Ionosphere: Storms

Scientific paper

Geomagnetic storm effects at heights of about 0-100 km are briefly (not comprehensively) reviewed, with emphasis being paid to middle latitudes, particularly to Europe. Effects of galactic cosmic rays, solar particle events, relativistic and highly relativistic electrons, and IMF sector boundary crossings are briefly mentioned as well. Geomagnetic storms disturb the lower ionosphere heavily at high latitudes and very significantly also at middle latitudes. The effect is almost simultaneous at high latitudes, while an after-effect dominates at middle latitudes. The lower thermosphere is disturbed significantly. In the mesosphere and stratosphere, the effects become weaker and eventually non-detectable. There is an effect in total ozone but only under special conditions. Surprisingly enough, correlations with geomagnetic storms seem to reappear in the troposphere, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Atmospheric electricity is affected by geomagnetic storms, as well. We essentially understand the effects of geomagnetic storms in the lower ionosphere, but there is a lack of mechanisms to explain correlations found deeper in the atmosphere, particularly in the troposphere. There seem to be two different groups of effects with possibly different mechanisms - those observed in the lower ionosphere, lower thermosphere and mesosphere, and those observed in the troposphere.

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