Echelles: scalar, electromagnetic, and real-groove properties

Details Echelles: scalar, electromagnetic, and real-groove properties Echelles: scalar, electromagnetic, and real-groove properties

Apr 1995

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1995apopt..34.1707l&link_type=abstract

Applied Optics, Volume 34, Issue 10, April 1, 1995, pp.1707-1727

Physics

Optics

7

Gratings, Electromagnetic Waves

Scientific paper

For lack of alternatives, echelle-grating diffraction behavior has in the past been modeled on scalar theory, despite observations that indicate significant deviations. To resolve this difficulty a detailed experimental, theoretical, and numerical study is performed for several echelles that work at low (8-13), medium (35-55), high (84-140), and very-high (to 660) diffraction orders. Noticeable deviations from the scalar model were detected both experimentally and numerically, on the basis of electromagnetic position was shown to decrease with the wavelength-to-period ratio, and it tends to zero more rapidly than the decrease of the maximum width, so that the TE-and TM-plane responses tend to merge into each other; (2) cut-off effects (Rayleigh anomalies) were found to play a significant role for high groove angles, where passing-off orders are close to the blaze order. A possibility for evaluation of the blaze angle from angular, rather than from spectral, measurements is discussed.Several reasons for the differences between real and ideal echelles (material-index deviations, profile deformations, and groove-angle errors) are analyzed, and their effects on the performance of echelles is studied.

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