Dust Production in Unusual Type IIP Supernovae

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

We have been following three Type IIP supernovae (SN 2007it, SN 2007oc, and SN 2007od) with Gemini, Spitzer, and Hubble over the past two years to look for signatures of dust formation. These signatures include a drop in visual magnitude accompanied by an increase in IR magnitude as the dust extinction increases, the appearance of asymmetric emission lines caused by the greater attenuation by dust in the ejecta of reshifted emission than blueshifted emission, and an IR excess due to warm dust grains. These signatures usually appear 300-600 days after the explosion. For each SNe we have obtained multiple epochs with Gemini/GMOS, Spitzer IRAC, and HST ACS/WFPC2 spanning 100-700 days. With this dataset containing large temporal and wavelength coverage, we have discovered very unusual and exciting results. SN 2007od has shown indications of early time (< 200 days) dust formation along with characteristics previously seen only in Type IIn SNe, and one of the largest post-plateau magnitude declines seen in a Type IIP SN. We have also found that SN 2007it exhibited strong 4.5um flux around day 340 possibly due to CO emission, which was likely a precursor to the dust that was detected around day 610. Until recently, newly formed dust has only been detected in a few SNe, making our dataset an important contribution to the study of dust formation in SNe.

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