Doppler effect during motion of a source of radio waves around a planet

Physics – Optics

Scientific paper

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Doppler Effect, Fresnel Diffraction, Lunar Satellites, Lunar Shadow, Radio Occultation, Frequency Shift, Planetary Orbits, Short Wave Radio Transmission, Signal Transmission

Scientific paper

The behavior of the Doppler frequency shift of a radio source orbiting a planet is investigated by asymptotic solution of the problem of radiowave diffraction on a sphere where the wavelength is much smaller than the sphere radius. The action of the atmosphere is neglected. Numerical calculations are presented for a lunar satellite, and formulas for calculating the Doppler shift in various space regions are derived, with particular reference to Fresnel semi-shadow and shadow zones. Several parameters of the Fresnel diffraction field are calculated. It is shown that in the shadow region the magnitude of the Doppler shift remains constant and equal to the Doppler shift value at the geometric shadow boundary, calculated in a geometric optics approximation.

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