Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2006-02-28
Phys.Rev.C73:064903,2006
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
18 pages, 5 figures, uses revtex4; v2: references added, typos corrected
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevC.73.064903
Recent discussions of RHIC data emphasized the exciting possibility that the matter produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions shows properties of a near-perfect fluid. Here, we aim at delineating the applicability of fluid dynamics, which is needed to quantify the size of corresponding dissipative effects. We start from the equations for dissipative fluid dynamics, which we derive from kinetic theory up to second order (Israel-Stewart theory) in a systematic gradient expansion. In model studies, we then establish that for too early initialization of the hydrodynamic evolution ($\tau_0 \lsim 1$ fm/c) or for too high transverse momentum ($p_T \gsim 1$ GeV) in the final state, the expected dissipative corrections are too large for a fluid description to be reliable. Moreover, viscosity-induced modifications of hadronic transverse momentum spectra can be accommodated to a significant degree in an ideal fluid description by modifications of the decoupling stage. We argue that these conclusions, drawn from model studies, can also be expected to arise in significantly more complex, realistic fluid dynamics simulations of heavy ion collisions.
Baier Rudolf
Romatschke Paul
Wiedemann Urs Achim
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