Discovery of Two Extreme Young Protostars in Barnard 1

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Scientific paper

We report the discovery of two previously unknown submillimeter- millimeter dust continuum sources in the dark cloud Barnard 1 (B1). Two sources, designated as B1-bN and B1-bS, are separated by 20'' and are embedded in the dense core of 6 Modot located at 1' east of IRAS 03301+3057. The dust continuum data from 350 μm to 3.5 mm reveal that two sources have similar physical properties; Tdust 18 K, M = 1.6-1.8 Modot, and Lbol = 2.6-3.1 Lodot. Since both sources are detected by the interferometer and have radial density profiles close to ρ(r) propto r-1.5 without inner flattening, they are likely to have formed compact protostellar objects at their centers. The high fraction of Lsubmm to the bolometric luminosities Lbol, Lbol/Lsubmm = 10-11, suggests that both sources are very young Class 0 protostars. Toward two dust continuum sources, the fractional abundance of H13CO+ molecule clearly decreases by a factor of 10, suggesting that the H13CO+ molecule is heavily depleted on dust grains. The depletion of H13CO+ observed in two sources suggests that both sources are in the earlier evolutionary stages than most of the Class 0 sources whose envelopes are traced well with the H13CO+ emission.

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