Different periodicities in the rotation of the northern and southern solar hemispheres

Physics

Scientific paper

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Solar Rotation, Periods

Scientific paper

Many terrestrial phenomena are governed by the Sun. Geomagnetic activity is related to the 22-year solar magnetic cycle, also obvious in solar wind parameters and the variations of the Earth's rotation. A 22-year periodicity is found in solar rotation. The 47-year variation in the Earth rotation is highly correlated to the same variation in North-South asymmetry of solar rotation. A dominant 17-year cycle is observed in the exposure of the Earth to IMF sectors. The same cycle is found in hemispheric differences of coronal holes distributions. Here we determine the periodicities in the variations in the rotation of the two solar hemispheres. We find that not only the two hemispheres rotate differently, but have different periodicities in the variations of the rotation parameters. Our results confirm the weak magnetic coupling between them and show that the interplanetary magnetic field which is an extension of the solar coronal field, is related to the differential rotation in the more active solar hemisphere.

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