Development of GPS Instrumentation for Ionospheric Remote Sensing

Computer Science – Sound

Scientific paper

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7949 Ionospheric Storms (2441)

Scientific paper

GPS satellites transmit at two frequencies, L1 and L2, enabling the calculation of TEC from the dispersion in the two signals. Unfortunately the only code on the L2 signal is encrypted and it must be compared to the same encrypted code on L1. The most effective comparison is called semi-codeless tracking which yields TEC in quiet conditions for stationary receivers. When the ionosphere becomes active or when the receiver is in an accelerated environment, semi-codeless tracking fails. Fortunately there is a solution emerging to correct these short comings. The new GPS satellites will transmit an unencrypted signal on L2, called L2C, that can be compared with the unencrypted signal on L1. This comparison will be much more robust and easier to implement. The first GPS satellite with the L2C signal was launched in 2005 and another GPS satellite with the L2C signal should be launched in the Fall of 2006. In this paper we describe two techniques to use the new L2C signal. The first technique is a digital storage receiver that captures data and stores it on a PC. The signals can then be "received" and TEC determined at a later time. This approach allows extracting the maximum possible information from the signal. Applications for the digital storage receiver include ionospheric tomography inside a sounding rocket trajectory or high resolution measurements of mesospheric temperatures with a drop sphere. The second technique is a real-time software receiver that is implemented on a digital signal processing chip. This approach allows for the mass production of inexpensive TEC and fast amplitude and phase scintillation receivers that can be easily accessed through the internet. In future years these approaches can be expanded with the Galileo signals although larger bandwidths will be required.

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