Development of a gallium-doped germanium far-infrared photoconductor direct hybrid two-dimensional array

Details Development of a gallium-doped germanium far-infrared photoconductor direct hybrid two-dimensional array Development of a gallium-doped germanium far-infrared photoconductor direct hybrid two-dimensional array

Apr 2003

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003apopt..42.2166f&link_type=abstract

Applied Optics, Volume 42, Issue 12, pp. 2166-2173 (2003).

Physics

Optics

18

Infrared Detectors, Photoconducting Devices, Optical Arrays, Germanium Radiation Detectors, Temperature, Gallium, Spectral Analysis, Noise

Scientific paper

To our knowledge, we are the first to successfully report a direct hybrid two-dimensional (2D) detector array in the far-infrared region. Gallium-doped germanium (Ge:Ga) has been used extensively to produce sensitive far-infrared detectors with a cutoff wavelength of ≅110 μm (2.7 THz). It is widely used in the fields of astronomy and molecular and solid spectroscopy. However, Ge:Ga photoconductors must be cooled below 4.2 K to reduce thermal noise, and this operating condition makes it difficult to develop a large format array because of the need for a warm amplifier. Development of Ge:Ga photoconductor arrays to take 2D terahertz images is now an important target in such research fields as space astronomy. We present the design of a 20 × 3 Ge:Ga far-infrared photoconductor array directly hybridized to a Si p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor readout integrated circuit using indium-bump technology. The main obstacles in creating this 2D array were (1) fabricating a monolithic Ge:Ga 2D array with a longitudinal configuration, (2) developing a cryogenic capacitive transimpedance amplifier, and (3) developing a technology for connecting the detector to the electronics. With this technology, a prototype Ge:Ga photoconductor with a direct hybrid structure has shown a responsivity as high as 14.6 A/W and a minimum detectable power of 5.6 × 10-17 W for an integration time of 0.14 s when it was cooled to 2.1 K. Its noise is limited by the readout circuit with 20 μV/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz. Vibration and cooling tests demonstrated that this direct hybrid structure is strong enough for spaceborne instruments. This detector array will be installed on the Japanese infrared satellite ASTRO-F.

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