Determination by ray-tracing of the regions where mid-latitude whistlers exit from the lower ionosphere

Physics

Scientific paper

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Earth Magnetosphere, Lower Ionosphere, Midlatitude Atmosphere, Ray Tracing, Space Plasmas, Whistlers, Air Ducts, Atmospheric Models, Electron Density (Concentration), Ionospheric Propagation

Scientific paper

The size and position of the regions in the bottomside ionosphere through which downcoming whistlers emerge are estimated using ray-tracing calculations in both summer day and winter night models of the magnetospheric plasma. Consideration is given to the trapping of upgoing whistler-mode waves through both the base and the side of ducts. It is found that for downcoming rays which were trapped in the duct in the summer day model, the limited range of wave-normal angles which can be transmitted from the lower ionosphere to free space below causes the size of the exit point to be considerably smaller than the region of incidence. The exit point is found to be approximately 100 km in size, which agrees with ground-based observations of fairly narrow trace whistlers. For rays trapped in the duct in the winter night model, it is found that the size of the exit point is more nearly the same as the range of final latitudes of the downcoming rays in the lower ionosphere.

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