Dependence of cosmic ray solar daily variation (1st, 2nd and 3rd) on heliomagnetic polarity reversals

Physics

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Cosmic Rays, Heliosphere, Solar Magnetic Field, Anisotropy, Convection, Harmonic Radiation, Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, Magnetic Poles

Scientific paper

Using 696 station-years of neutron monitor data during the period of 1964-1983 as well as data from muon telescopes at surface and underground stations, a long term variation of cosmic ray solar daily variations (1st, 2nd and 3rd) has been analyzed to study its dependence on the heliomagnetic polarity reversals. It is found that the 1st, 2nd and 3rd harmonic variations show respective counter-clockwise phase shifts on the harmonic dial for the transition from the negative to the positive polarity state. The polarity state is defined as 'positive' ('negative') when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is away (toward) in the Northern Hemisphere and toward (away) in the Southern Hemisphere. It is demonstrated that these phase shifts cannot be explained by one-dimensional diffusion of the pitch angle distribution along the IMF-axis, such as the one presented by Bieber and Pomerantz (1983), but can be explained by three-dimensional treatment of the cosmic ray diffusion-convection in space, developed by Munakata and Nagashima (1986) in considering the drift effect in the heliosphere which was pointed out by Jokipii et al. (1977). According to the theory, the rigidity dependence of the observed phase shift of the 2nd harmonic variation suggests that the power exponent of the rigidity spectrum of the cosmic ray mean free path is less than unity, at least in a rigidity region of about one to several tens of GV.

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