DARTs and CORK in Cascadia Basin: High-resolution observations of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in the northeast Pacific

Details DARTs and CORK in Cascadia Basin: High-resolution observations of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in the northeast Pacific DARTs and CORK in Cascadia Basin: High-resolution observations of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in the northeast Pacific

Apr 2011

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2011georl..3808607r&link_type=abstract

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 38, Issue 8, CiteID L08607

Physics

Oceanography: Physical: Tsunamis And Storm Surges (4302, 4304), Oceanography: Physical: Sea Level: Variations And Mean (1222, 1225, 1641), Oceanography: Physical: Surface Waves And Tides (1222)

Scientific paper

We report unique deep-sea recordings of the Sumatra tsunami of December 2004 by high-resolution DART® (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) and CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) bottom pressure sensors deployed at depths of ˜1500-3500 m in Cascadia Basin in the northeast Pacific. The simultaneous records from these sites establish the first-ever regional-scale tsunami detection array for the open ocean, enabling us to resolve both seafloor and crustal tsunami signals and to determine fundamental properties of the waves following their 22,000 km journey from the source region. Waves reaching the basin had mean amplitudes of ˜5 mm with energy spread over a broad frequency band from 0.4 to 7 cph. Peak tsunami energy was in the 0.8 to 2 cph (75 to 30 min) band. Leading waves from the event arrived 34-35 h after the earthquake, roughly 7 h later than expected, suggesting that the tsunami mainly propagated by the “most economic” (minimum energy loss) path along mid-ocean ridge wave-guides rather than taking the direct and fastest path across the ocean. Motions within the peak energy band comprise roughly 50% coherent progressive waves propagating from the south at longwave phase speeds of ˜150 ms-1 and 50% random waves scattered from the coast and bottom irregularities. Tsunami amplitudes in the borehole were one-third those on the seafloor. The extensive “ringing” and anomalously slow (3.5-day) e-folding decay time of the tsunami wave energy indicates long duration energy flux radiating from the Indian Ocean via the Southern Pacific Ocean.

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