Cryptography In the Bounded Quantum-Storage Model

Details Cryptography In the Bounded Quantum-Storage Model Cryptography In the Bounded Quantum-Storage Model

2005-08-30

arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0508222v2

Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science - FOCS 2005, pages 449-458

Physics

Quantum Physics

26 pages, full version of a paper appeared in 46th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), pages 449-

Scientific paper

We initiate the study of two-party cryptographic primitives with unconditional security, assuming that the adversary's quantum memory is of bounded size. We show that oblivious transfer and bit commitment can be implemented in this model using protocols where honest parties need no quantum memory, whereas an adversarial player needs quantum memory of size at least n/2 in order to break the protocol, where n is the number of qubits transmitted. This is in sharp contrast to the classical bounded-memory model, where we can only tolerate adversaries with memory of size quadratic in honest players' memory size. Our protocols are efficient, non-interactive and can be implemented using today's technology. On the technical side, a new entropic uncertainty relation involving min-entropy is established.

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