Critical Behavior in Light Nuclear Systems: Experimental Aspects

Details Critical Behavior in Light Nuclear Systems: Experimental Aspects Critical Behavior in Light Nuclear Systems: Experimental Aspects

2004-10-14

arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0410018v3

Phys.Rev. C71 (2005) 054606

Physics

Nuclear Physics

Nuclear Experiment

Physical Review C, in press; some discussions about the validity of excitation energy in peripheral collisions have been added

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevC.71.054606

An extensive experimental survey of the features of the disassembly of a small quasi-projectile system with $A \sim$ 36, produced in the reactions of 47 MeV/nucleon $^{40}$Ar + $^{27}$Al, $^{48}$Ti and $^{58}$Ni, has been carried out. Nuclei in the excitation energy range of 1-9 MeV/u have been investigated employing a new method to reconstruct the quasi-projectile source. At an excitation energy $\sim$ 5.6 MeV/nucleon many observables indicate the presence of maximal fluctuations in the de-excitation processes. The fragment topological structure shows that the rank sorted fragments obey Zipf's law at the point of largest fluctuations providing another indication of a liquid gas phase transition. The caloric curve for this system shows a monotonic increase of temperature with excitation energy and no apparent plateau. The temperature at the point of maximal fluctuations is $8.3 \pm 0.5$ MeV. Taking this temperature as the critical temperature and employing the caloric curve information we have extracted the critical exponents $\beta$, $\gamma$ and $\sigma$ from the data. Their values are also consistent with the values of the universality class of the liquid gas phase transition. Taken together, this body of evidence strongly suggests a phase change in an equilibrated mesoscopic system at, or extremely close to, the critical point.

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