Coupling between the Earth magnetosphere and ionosphere by field-aligned currents: satellite and ground-based data analysis

Physics

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2409 Current Systems (2721), 2431 Ionosphere/Magnetosphere Interactions (2736), 2721 Field-Aligned Currents And Current Systems (2409)

Scientific paper

Parallel currents flowing along highly conductive field lines transmit magnetospheric and magnetosheath stresses to the ionosphere. During the last ten years, polar satellites orbiting at low altitude above the ionosphere such as Ørsted, Champ and Fast, and at higher altitude such as the multi-spacecraft Cluster mission, have allowed a refined description of the overall structure of these currents. Moreover, the combination of these satellite data with ground-based facilities has also allowed a better understanding of the auroral electrodynamics. I will firstly present the large-scale response of the dayside magnetosphere and its associated field-aligned currents to moderate and strong (such as magnetic storms) variations of the interplanetary conditions. I will then present examples of dayside meso-scale structures of field aligned-currents, these structures consisting usually in magnetic flux tubes connected with the interplanetary magnetic field. Using satellites and conjugate ground-based data, I will describe the electrodynamics of these structures. Finally, using simultaneous in-situ plasma and field measurements by the Cluster satellite, I will comment on the magnetic structure and particle carriers of cusp field-aligned currents.

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