Cosmic ray measurements on the Venera 9 and 10 spacecraft

Physics

Scientific paper

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Cosmic Rays, Radiation Measuring Instruments, Satellite-Borne Instruments, Solar Protons, Venera Satellites, Cerenkov Counters, Interplanetary Medium, Proton Energy, Solar Activity Effects, Solar Electrons, Tables (Data)

Scientific paper

The Venera 9 and 10 spacecraft recorded cosmic ray fluxes on their path toward Venus and in Venus orbit during a period of relatively low solar activity at the end of the 20th cycle, when solar bursts occurred mainly on the equator. The semiconductor counter recorded protons and electrons in the energy range from 4 to 12 MeV and was oriented toward the sun. A gas discharge counter recorded protons above 30 MeV and electrons above 3 MeV, and a Cerenkov counter recorded primarily galactic radiation above 500 MeV. An extensive table is given showing the time variation of the average count rate of protons in these three channels. The behavior of particles in different energy ranges is dissimilar. The data reveal that even during periods of minimum solar activity there appear inhomogeneities of the interplanetary medium, leading to significant variations of the galactic cosmic ray spectrum.

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