Physics
Scientific paper
Nov 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002aps..dppqp1015c&link_type=abstract
American Physical Society, 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma , abstract #QP1.015
Physics
Scientific paper
Galactic, extragalactic, and cluster magnetic fields are in apparent pressure equilibrium with the in-fall pressure of matter from the external medium, IGM, onto the Galaxies and clusters, and from the voids onto the galaxy sheets, (walls), implying fields of 5 , 0.5, & 20 μG respectively. Equipartition or minimum energy, implies β_CR=n_CRm_pc^2/(B^2/8π)˜= 1. The total energy in field and CRs is then ˜= 10^55 ergs Galactic and ˜= 4 ot 10^60 ergs per galaxy in the IGM and less within clusters, e.g., radio lobes, synchrotron "glow" in the IGM (Kronberg), and the UHECRs spectrum, Γ =-2.6. CRs escape from the Galaxy to the IGM, τ˜=10^7y, and similarly from the walls to the voids, ˜=10^8y, less than the GZK cut-off time provided B_galaxy>B_IGM>B_voids. The free energy of black hole formation, The Los Alamos model, is just sufficient. The lack of shocks at the boundaries of over pressured radio lobes and the need for high acceleration efficiency suggests eE_allel˜= eη_reconJ_allel, acceleration by reconnection of these force-free fields.
Colgate Stirling
Kronberg Philipp
Li Hui
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