Physics
Scientific paper
May 1954
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1954phrv...94.1017f&link_type=abstract
Physical Review, vol. 94, Issue 4, pp. 1017-1028
Physics
33
Scientific paper
The distribution on the earth of the impact points for particles of magnetic rigidities 1 to 10 Bv, which originally approach the earth from the direction of the sun, is derived, using principally the published results of numerical integrations of cosmic-ray orbits and model experiments on the motion of charged particles in a dipole magnetic field. Three impact zones for such particles are discussed. Two of these zones include only a small range of local times, and for the special case of the sun in the plane of the geomagnetic equator, are centered near 4 a.m. and 9 a.m. The third zone has no strong local time dependence. Assuming the source of charged particles to subtend a finite angle at the earth, the relative counting rates for detectors in the three zones are estimated. The counting rate due to particles from the sun is expected to be three to seven times larger in the morning zones than in the background, or nonlocal-time-dependent, zone. The morning impact zones are shown to have a seasonal motion of several hours in local time. Reports of observations made during four large increases of cosmic-ray intensity at the times of solar flares are compared with the distribution predicted for particles from the sun. The observed increases agree with the predicted distribution and counting rate except at very high latitudes on the earth. A possible reason for this discrepancy is suggested. Cosmic-ray data from the Climax neutron detectors are analyzed for possible increases associated with small solar flares. An increase of ~1 percent is found for flares occurring when the detector is in a morning impact zone for particles from the sun. No increase of more than ~0.3 percent is found for flares occurring when the detector is not in these zones. The mean daily cycle of cosmic-ray intensity is also shown to depend on the rate of flares occurring on the sun. The intensity curve is peaked during the early morning hours for flare periods relative to periods in which few or no flares occurred, in agreement with the supposition that new particles approach the earth from the direction of the sun at the times of flares.
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