Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2003-08-14
Physics
Quantum Physics
17 pages, including 5 figures, accepted for publication in Nature
Scientific paper
10.1038/nature02008
Entanglement lies at the heart of quantum mechanics and in recent years has been identified as an essential resource for quantum information processing and computation. Creating highly entangled multi-particle states is therefore one of the most challenging goals of modern experimental quantum mechanics, touching fundamental questions as well as practical applications. Here we report on the experimental realization of controlled collisions between individual neighbouring neutral atoms trapped in the periodic potential of an optical lattice. These controlled interactions act as an array of quantum gates between neighbouring atoms in the lattice and their massively parallel operation allows the creation of highly entangled states in a single operational step, independent of the size of the system. In the experiment, we observe a coherent entangling-disentangling evolution in the many-body system depending on the phase shift acquired during the collision between neighbouring atoms. This dynamics is indicative of highly entangled many-body states that present novel opportunities for theory and experiment.
Bloch Immanuel
Greiner Markus
Haensch Theodor W.
Mandel Olaf
Rom Tim
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