Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory
Scientific paper
2008-02-27
Phys.Rev.D77:125007,2008; Erratum-ibid.D79:029902,2009
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
Published in Physical Review D, 12 pages in two-column REVTex, correction included
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevD.77.125007
Vector theories with spontaneous Lorentz violation, known as bumblebee models, are examined in flat spacetime using a Hamiltonian constraint analysis. In some of these models, Nambu-Goldstone modes appear with properties similar to photons in electromagnetism. However, depending on the form of the theory, additional modes and constraints can appear that have no counterparts in electromagnetism. An examination of these constraints and additional degrees of freedom, including their nonlinear effects, is made for a variety of models with different kinetic and potential terms, and the results are compared with electromagnetism. The Hamiltonian constraint analysis also permits an investigation of the stability of these models. For certain bumblebee theories with a timelike vector, suitable restrictions of the initial-value solutions are identified that yield ghost-free models with a positive Hamiltonian. In each case, the restricted phase space is found to match that of electromagnetism in a nonlinear gauge.
Bluhm Robert
Gagne Nolan L.
Potting Robertus
Vrublevskis Arturs
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