Constraining the Thickness of Ridged Plains using Relief from Buried Impact Basins Compared to Exposed Craters on Adjacent Cratered Terrain

Physics

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5420 Impact Phenomena (Includes Cratering), 5470 Surface Materials And Properties, 5499 General Or Miscellaneous, 6225 Mars

Scientific paper

The very large population of buried impact basins revealed by high resolution gridded Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data provides information not only on the age of the subsurface on which these craters occur, but also on the thickness of the material which buries them. Assuming crater rims were not degraded prior to burial, and that relationships on rim height and crater depth versus crater diameter based on fresh martian craters (Garvin et al., 2000; 2002) apply, the minimum thickness of cover required to obscure a crater is derived from the expected rim height of the buried crater. The maximum thickness is found from the crater (rim to floor) depth; any greater thickness of material would eliminate all relief associated with that feature. We have used these relationships to estimate the total thickness of material covering craters in highland areas such as Lunae Planum. But craters in adjacent Xanthe Terra show clear evidence for fill, so the total cover in Lunae Planum is most likely a combination of Noachian and Hesperian materials. To estimate the contribution from Hesperian ridged plains alone we use observed relief characteristics (rim height, rim-to-floor depth) for exposed craters in Xanthe Terra as standards. Comparison of the relief characteristics for buried craters in Lunae Planum with these should yield the additional contribution from Hesperian materials. We find for buried 50 km wide craters that the likely contribution of ridged plains is about 1500 me in the interior and 300 m around the rim. There is considerable variation in these values, which may make possible mapping variation in ridged plains thickness. For example, in western Solis Planum we see very few buried craters, even of large size, which could indicate a ridged plains thickness of several kilometers.

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