Conserved quantities from pseudotensors and extremum theorems for angular momentum

Physics

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Angular Momentum, Conservation Laws, Einstein Equations, Extremum Values, Tensors, Gravitation Theory, Ideal Fluids, Schwarzschild Metric, Space-Time Functions, Stellar Rotation

Scientific paper

A method for calculating pseudotensor-based conserved quantities for isolated systems in general relativity, independently of the asymptotic behavior of the coordinate system used, is presented. This makes possible the evaluation of such concepts as energy, momentum, and angular momentum in any coordinate system. The calculation is performed for the Schutz-Sorkin gravitational Noether operator, and is illustrated for the Kerr metric using various fields and coordinates. This is used to prove a theorem of extremality of angular momentum for vacuum solutions of Einstein's equations, showing that any two of the following imply the third: (1) the metric is axisymmetric; (2) Einstein's field equations are satisfied; and (3) the total angular momentum is an extremum against all perturbations satisfying a mild restriction. A related theorem for extremizing the angular momentum across a timelike hypersurface is also proved; this theorem provides an alternative way to solve the field equations for axisymmetric gravitational collapse.

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