Chromospheric Heating, Transport Processes, and Small Scale Magnetic Fields

Physics

Scientific paper

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7507 Chromosphere, 7524 Magnetic Fields, 7529 Photosphere, 7827 Kinetic And Mhd Theory, 7859 Transport Processes

Scientific paper

There are two basic categories of theories of chromospheric heating: hydrodynamic heating, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heating. Hydrodynamic heating by shock wave dissipation appears to explain the origin of internetwork CaII bright points, but the associated heating rate appears to be at least one order of magnitude smaller than what is required to balance the chromospheric net radiative loss. Heating by high frequency acoustic waves is a proposed mechanism for chromospheric heating, at least in the internetwork, but so far there is no observational evidence that the energy in such waves is sufficient to heat the chromosphere. Increasing observational evidence for the existence of magnetic field concentrations at or below the spatial resolution limit with strengths ~ 102 - 103 G, the positive correlation between magnetic field strength and net radiative loss, and the differences between network, internetwork, and active regions in terms of magnetic field filling factor and net radiative loss suggest that a single MHD mechanism heats the network, internetwork, and active region chromospheres outside of flaring regions, and operates largely at or below the spatial resolution limit. A discussion of this suggestion in the context of the critical need to model proposed chromospheric heating mechanisms using realistic transport processes is presented along with an indication of why this heating mechanism is not effective in the transition region or corona, except possibly on spatial scales believed to characterize current sheets. This work was supported by NSF grant ATM-0242820 to the Institute for Scientific Research.

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