Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2009-03-05
Phys.Rev.D80:056003,2009
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
30 pages, 10 figures. Final version accepted in Phys.Rev.D
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevD.80.056003
We consider an interacting pion gas in the regime where thermal but not chemical equilibrium has been reached. Approximate particle number conservation is implemented by a nonvanishing pion chemical potential $\mu_\pi$ within a diagrammatic thermal field theory approach, valid in principle for any bosonic field theory in this regime. The resulting Feynman rules are then applied within the context of Chiral Perturbation Theory to discuss thermodynamical quantities of interest for the pion gas such as the free energy, the quark condensate and thermal self-energy. In particular, we derive the $\mu_\pi\neq 0$ generalization of Luscher and Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner type relations. We pay special attention to the comparison with the conventional kinetic theory approach in the dilute regime, which allows for a check of consistency of our approach. Several phenomenological applications are discussed, concerning chiral symmetry restoration, freeze-out conditions and Bose-Einstein pion condensation.
Fernandez-Fraile Daniel
Nicola Angel Gomez
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