Chemical Composition of Relativistic Cosmic Rays Detected above the Atmosphere

Details Chemical Composition of Relativistic Cosmic Rays Detected above the Atmosphere Chemical Composition of Relativistic Cosmic Rays Detected above the Atmosphere

Feb 1970

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1970phrvd...1.1021d&link_type=abstract

Physical Review D, vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 1021-1028

Physics

3

Scientific paper

Final results on the first satellite experiment on abundances of cosmic-ray nuclei having a mean energy of several GeV per nucleon are presented. A nuclear-emulsion detector, exposed on Gemini XI in a near-equatorial orbit ranging between geographic latitudes +/-29°, collected 619 high-quality tracks above the earth's atmosphere. Time resolution (within about 5 min) was provided by movement of a lower emulsion stack relative to an upper one. The detector was covered by only 0.07 g/cm2 of aluminum and was favorably oriented for 18 h. The results on abundances, requiring no correction for secondary production in the atmosphere, are characterized by (a) a pronounced odd-even effect, with low abundances for elements of atomic number 7, 9, 11, and 13, compared to those of neighboring elements with even Z; (b) approximately equal fluxes of neon, magnesium, and silicon, each being about one-fourth that of oxygen; and (c) an abundance gap in the region 15<=Z<=19. The observed ratios of Be+B, 10<=Z<=19, and Z>=20 to the medium group, 6<=Z<=9, provide no evidence for significant variation of composition with rigidity between 3.5 and 30 GV. A primordial composition-prior to interactions of the cosmic rays with the interstellar medium-is calculated. This source composition is compared with "universal" and solar abundances.

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