Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory
Scientific paper
2007-06-15
Phys.Lett.B658:266-272,2008
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
1+11 pages; v2: comments and reference added, PLB version
Scientific paper
10.1016/j.physletb.2007.08.058
We consider Bose-Einstein condensation of massive electrically charged scalars in a uniform background of charged fermions. We focus on the case when the scalar condensate screens the background charge, while the net charge of the system resides on its boundary surface. A distinctive signature of this substance is that the photon acquires a Lorentz-violating mass in the bulk of the condensate. Due to this mass, the transverse and longitudinal gauge modes propagate with different group velocities. We give qualitative arguments that at high enough densities and low temperatures a charged system of electrons and helium-4 nuclei, if held together by laboratory devices or by force of gravity, can form such a substance. We briefly discuss possible manifestations of the charged condensate in compact astrophysical objects.
Gabadadze Gregory
Rosen Rachel A.
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