Characterization of the ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

Details Characterization of the ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates Characterization of the ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

2011-02-04

arxiv.org/abs/1102.0832v2

Physics

Mathematical Physics

12 pages

Scientific paper

We characterize the ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates under no external magnetic field. For ferromagnetic systems, we show the validity of the so-called single-mode approximation (SMA), and hence they are effectively one-component systems. For antiferromagnetic systems, there are two subcases. When the total magnetization $M \ne 0$, the corresponding ground states have vanishing zeroth ($m_F = 0$) components, thus are reduced to two-component systems. When $M = 0$, the ground states are also reduced to the SMA, and there are one-parameter families of such ground states. The key idea is a redistribution of masses among different components, which reduces kinetic energy in all situations, and makes our proofs simple and unified.

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