Physics
Scientific paper
Jun 1981
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1981jgr....86.4355p&link_type=abstract
(Upstream Wave and Particle Workshop, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, Apr. 15, 16,
Physics
136
Backscattering, Bow Waves, Ionic Diffusion, Shock Waves, Solar Wind, Distribution Functions, Ion Beams, Ion Density (Concentration), Pitch (Inclination), Reflection
Scientific paper
The distinction between two types of upstream ion populations is made on the basis of pronounced differences in their distribution functions. The reflected ions represent a fast beam with temperatures typically one-million to five-million K and speeds up to five times the solar wind speed. An important feature of the reflected ion distributions is their strong temperature anisotropy, with perpendicular temperature exceeding parallel temperature by a factor of two or three. In contrast, the diffuse ions occupy a much larger region of phase space, both in energy and angle; their distribution function generally has the form of a circular ridge in two dimensions and a spherical shell in three dimensions. Accordingly, their temperature is much larger (not less than about 10-million K) and their bulk speed is typically smaller than the solar wind speed.
Asbridge J. R.
Bame J. Jr. S.
Gosling Jack T.
Papamastorakis Ioannis
Paschmann Goetz
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