Characteristics of pushbroom scanning type radiometer utilizing linear sensors

Physics – Optics

Scientific paper

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Airborne Equipment, Imaging Spectrometers, Linear Arrays, Radiometers, Refraction, Spaceborne Experiments, Apertures, Charge Coupled Devices, High Resolution, Lenses, Remote Sensing, Telescopes

Scientific paper

It is anticipated that the pushbroom scanning scheme will be used very widely in future airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers for remote sensing, because of its potential capability for high resolution and high reliability. At NAL two pushbroom imaging spectrometers, were produced for test purposes, one for aircraft and the other for spacecraft. Both utilize a CCD linear array for the opto-electronic sensor elements. This is the first attempt to apply the pushbroom scan scheme to airborne spectrometers. Small refracting optics (lens system) were used to get a very wide viewing angle. The optics were able to collect sufficient radiative energy. The dimensions of this airborne spectrometer system are very small compared to the customary systems, which have to have very large dimensions. For the spaceborne spectrometer a sort of cata-dioptic (reflect-refractive) optics was applied, the so called Wright-Schmidt telescope, as the collecting optics. This telescope has not such a wide viewing angle, but has very high resolution and a planar focal plane. This planar focal plane is a necessary condition for a CCD sensor arrangement. This utilization of cata-dioptic optics for imaging spectrometer is also the first attempt in a spaceborne imaging spectrometer. If the usual lens system is used for the collecting optics, the system dimension and weight will be huge because of the long focal length and large aperture. The optical performances of collecting optics for these airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers, the opto-electronic characteristics of the CCD linear array, and the performances of the electronics were measured and analyzed. Then the total performances of the airborne and spaceborne spectrometers were measured. As a result, some problem areas for such future airborne and spaceborne pushbroom scanning radiometers were clarified.

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