Caught in the Act II: A High-Velocity Outflow in π^1Gru, an S-type AGB star evolving into a Bipolar Planetary Nebula

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The S-star π^1Gru has experienced heavy mass loss, and from the presence of a high-velocity bipolar outflow detected via mm-wave CO emission lines, it appears likely that it has now begun its transition from an AGB star towards the planetary nebula phase. π^1Gru and its well-studied carbon-star cousin, V Hya, are the earliest two object known in this brief phase, which is so short that few nearby stars are likely to be caught in the act. Interferometric mm-wave observations show that π^1Gru possesses a large equatorial disk and high-velocity polar outflow structure like V Hya. We now propose to (i) search for high-velocity absorption features and (ii) map the resonant-scattered emission, in the CO 4.6 micron vibration-rotation lines towards π^1Gru. These data will allow us to probe the spatio-kinematic structure of the high-velocity outflows and disk at radii of (0.5-few) arcsec with unprecedented angular resolution, and determine the mass- outflow rates. These data will be invaluable for building models of how fast jets sculpt AGB mass-loss envelopes to produce bipolar planetary nebulae.

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