Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) Detectors for High Energy X-Ray Astronomy

Physics – Optics

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Scientific paper

Detectors based on CZT, a room-temperature semiconductor, have many desirable properties for high energy X-ray astronomy. They can obtain sub-keV energy resolution, sub-mm spatial resolution, and operate from <10 keV to >200 keV. Thus they are attractive for future balloon and space instruments using coded masks to image wide fields, >10(deg) , as well as focusing optics for small fields, <1 (deg) . We report recent progress and future plans for these detectors by a collaboration of UCSD and WU. Linearity of energy response has been measured with monochromatic X-rays. One-dimensional, strip readout, detectors with resolutions as small as 100 microns and a two-dimensional, crossed-strip readout, detector have been fabricated and tested. Charge collection and charge sharing among electrodes has been studied in detail. Charge is typically shared by 2 or more electrodes, but the full energy signal is obtained by summing the electrodes which have significant signal. Accurate measurements of the spatial response of the 25 x 25 x 1.4 mm thick 2-D detector were made with a precision x-y stage that carried a narrow, ~ 50 micron beam. X-rays entered the cathode side of the detector. The selectivity between cathode strips was very sharp; the strip-to-strip transition required ~ 75 microns including the effects of the beam size. The strip-to-strip transitions occurred at the nominal 375 micron pitch. The anode strip selectivity was similar, but the strip-to-strip transitions varied +/-140 microns from the nominal 375 microns. The latter effect is under further study. These results show that crossed strip readout is feasible for spatial resolutions of ~ 500 microns, but the ability to obtain reliable resolution at much smaller scales, e.g., 100 microns is uncertain.

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