Bubbling the False Vacuum Away

Details Bubbling the False Vacuum Away Bubbling the False Vacuum Away

2007-08-28

arxiv.org/abs/0708.3844v2

Phys.Rev.D77:023513,2008

Physics

High Energy Physics

High Energy Physics - Theory

13 Pages, 16 figures, revtex4, submitted to prd

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevD.77.023513

We investigate the role of nonperturbative, bubble-like inhomogeneities on the decay rate of false-vacuum states in two and three-dimensional scalar field theories. The inhomogeneities are induced by setting up large-amplitude oscillations of the field about the false vacuum as, for example, after a rapid quench or in certain models of cosmological inflation. We show that, for a wide range of parameters, the presence of large-amplitude bubble-like inhomogeneities greatly accelerates the decay rate, changing it from the well-known exponential suppression of homogeneous nucleation to a power-law suppression. It is argued that this fast, power-law vacuum decay -- known as resonant nucleation -- is promoted by the presence of long-lived oscillons among the nonperturbative fluctuations about the false vacuum. A phase diagram is obtained distinguishing three possible mechanisms for vacuum decay: homogeneous nucleation, resonant nucleation, and cross-over. Possible applications are briefly discussed.

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