Physics
Scientific paper
Mar 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002aps..tss.cb005c&link_type=abstract
American Physical Society, Joint Spring Meeting of the Texas Sections of the APS and AAPT, and Zone 13 of the SPS March 7-9, 200
Physics
Scientific paper
The big bang theory of the universe holds that we exist amidst the remnants of a single huge explosion about 15 billion years ago. Absent acceleration, the recession velocity v between any two remnants (galaxies) is proportional to the present distance. This is the Hubble law, v=Hr, where H≈ 65 km/sec/megaparsec. For small velocities, one can use the red shift, Z≈ β where v= β c. At larger velocities, Z exceeds β . A second problem is that the measured distances refer to different times. These problems are resolved by plotting distance vs. β/( β +1). This leads to a linear plot. Plotted this way, recent high-Z data by Perlmutter, Riess, and Schmidt exhibits three linear regions. Since the slope of a linear Hubble plot measures time since the big bang, the data indicates occurrence of big bangs at 15, 48, and 146 billion years ago. The question, of whether the universe is open or closed, is rendered moot because these big bangs do not have the same center. The two older big bangs took place 6.5 and 39.4 billion light years from us.
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