Beyond mean-field dynamics of small Bose-Hubbard systems based on the number-conserving phase space approach

Details Beyond mean-field dynamics of small Bose-Hubbard systems based on the number-conserving phase space approach Beyond mean-field dynamics of small Bose-Hubbard systems based on the number-conserving phase space approach

2008-02-08

arxiv.org/abs/0802.1142v3

Phys. Rev. A 79, 013608 (2009)

Physics

Quantum Physics

Significantly enhanced and revised version (20 pages, 20 figures)

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevA.79.013608

The number-conserving quantum phase space description of the Bose-Hubbard model is discussed for the illustrative case of two and three modes, as well as the generalization of the two-mode case to an open quantum system. The phase-space description based on generalized SU(M) coherent states yields a Liouvillian flow in the macroscopic limit, which can be efficiently simulated using Monte Carlo methods even for large systems. We show that this description clearly goes beyond the common mean-field limit. In particular it resolves well-known problems where the common mean-field approach fails, like the description of dynamical instabilities and chaotic dynamics. Moreover, it provides a valuable tool for a semi-classical approximation of many interesting quantities, which depend on higher moments of the quantum state and are therefore not accessible within the common approach. As a prominent example, we analyse the depletion and heating of the condensate. A comparison to methods ignoring the fixed particle number shows that in this case artificial number fluctuations lead to ambiguities and large deviations even for quite simple examples.

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