BD-22°5866: A Rare Low-mass Quadruple-lined Spectroscopic Binary

Physics – Optics

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Scientific paper

As part of our search for young M dwarfs within 25 pc, we acquired high-resolution spectra of 200 low-mass stars compiled by the NStars project (e.g. Reid et al. 2004) that have strong X-ray emission. By cross-correlating these spectra with radial velocity standard stars, we are sensitive to finding spectroscopic binaries. Here, we report our detection of an extremely rare, low-mass, quadruple-lined spectroscopic binary BD-22°5866 (NLTT 53279, integrated SpT=M0V). From the cross-correlation function, we are able to measure relative flux levels, estimate the spectral types of the components, and set upper limits on the orbital periods and separations. The resulting system is hierarchical with two K7 dwarfs and two M2 dwarfs with semi-major axes of aAsiniA < 0.06 AU, aBsiniB < 0.26 AU, and ABsiniAB ≤ 5.8 AU. The fact that the system was not spatially resolved with adaptive optics (Daemgen et al. 2007) limits the physical separation of the two binaries to dAB < 4.1 AU. As this tight configuration is difficult to reproduce with current formation models, we speculate that an early dynamical process reduced the size of the system such as the interaction of the two binaries with a circumquadruple disk.
(E.S. is supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and the UH-NASA Astrobiology Institute.)

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