Basic properties of the Einstein equations with a Ricci-Scalar-Dependent cosmological term

Physics

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04.20.Cv, 95.36.+X, 98.80.-K

Scientific paper

Basic properties of the Einstein equations modified by a cosmological Λ-term dependent on the Ricci scalar R are considered. We show that in addition to a nonzero divergence of the energy-momentum tensor of the matter and the consequent cold matter mass nonconservation as the Universe expands, this model suggests a significant modification of the equations for the gravitational potential and particle acceleration in the Newtonian approximation. These circumstances allow the necessary criteria for possible functional dependences Λ( R) to be formulated. Nevertheless, by introducing a variable Λ-term, we can look at the problems of dark matter and dark energy anew. In particular, we show that the model in which the cosmological term depends linearly on the Ricci scalar (this corresponds to the approximation of a more complex dependence in the case of low matter densities) makes it possible to satisfactorily describe the rotation curves of galaxies without invoking the dark matter hypothesis and to construct a cosmological model with a variable vacuum energy density, in qualitative agreement with the present views of the early Universe.

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