Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2009-01-14
Rev.Mod.Phys.82:1095-1153,2010
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Review article, 53 pages, 40 figures, 23 Tables. Review of Modern Physics (accepted for publication)
Scientific paper
10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1095
About 120 baryons and baryon resonances are known, from the abundant nucleon with $u$ and $d$ light-quark constituents up to the recently discovered $\Omega_b^-=bss$, and the $\Xi_b^-=bsd$ which contains one quark of each generation. In spite of this impressively large number of states, the underlying mechanisms leading to the excitation spectrum are not yet understood. Heavy-quark baryons suffer from a lack of known spin-parities. In the light-quark sector, quark-model calculations have met with considerable success in explaining the low-mass excitations spectrum but some important aspects like the mass degeneracy of positive-parity and negative-parity baryon excitations are not yet satisfactorily understood. At high masses, above 1.8 GeV, quark models predict a very high density of resonances per mass interval which is not observed. In this review, issues are identified discriminating between different views of the resonance spectrum; prospects are discussed how open questions in baryon spectroscopy may find answers from photo- and electro-production experiments which are presently carried out in various laboratories.
Klempt Eberhard
Richard Jean-Marc
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