Asteroid collisional evolution: Results from current scaling algorithms

Computer Science – Numerical Analysis

Scientific paper

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Algorithms, Collisions, Gravitational Effects, Mathematical Models, Numerical Analysis, Stellar Evolution, Stellar Models, Vesta Asteroid, Basalt, Computer Programs, Constraints, Fragmentation, Size Distribution, Strain Rate, Two Dimensional Models

Scientific paper

A critical element for the understanding of asteroid collisional evolution is the scaling law needed to link laboratory impact experiments to the fragmentation of asteroidal bodies, ranging in size from meters to several hundreds of km. Recent work on scaling theories has produced algorithms for computing the specific energy, Q*, required to fragment bodies of various sizes, based on two approaches: the strain-rate scaling theory of Housen and Holsapple based on dimensional analysis, and the 2-D hydrocode calculations of Ryan and Melosh (1994). The strain-rate scaling predicts a decrease of about an order of magnitude when going from laboratory sized bodies, 10 cm, to bodies a few tens of km in size, whereas for larger sizes Q* grows due to gravitational self-compression. The hydrocode results show an even stronger dependence on size, with a Q* decrease of 2-3 orders of magnitude between 10 cm and 25 km, depending on the properties of the material. These model calculations show that a comparatively large value of Q* is needed to match the observed size distribution and to preserve Vesta's crust. Simple energy scaling with gravitational self-compression in agreement with the laboratory experiments of Housen et al. (1991) does the best of reproducing the observed asteroid belt.

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