Physics
Scientific paper
Nov 1988
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1988phrvl..61.2175f&link_type=abstract
Physical Review Letters (ISSN 0031-9007), vol. 61, Nov. 7, 1988, p. 2175-2178. Research supported by the Alexander von Humboldt-
Physics
64
Big Bang Cosmology, Gravitational Lenses, Relativity, Universe, Approximation, Clumps
Scientific paper
An approximation scheme is developed to construct the metric representing a realistic clumpy universe in general relativity. Spatial averaging is used to express the fact that the expansion of the universe is generated collectively by the clumps of matter. The dynamics of the clumps is treated by the post-Newtonian-type approximation. The scheme makes it possible to calculate the back reaction due to the growth of clumps on the expansion and vice versa. An expression for the deviation from homogeneous and isotropic expansion is derived in terms of inhomogeneities of the gravitational field generated by clumps. It should also be used as the correct interpretation of the observation of gravitational lenses.
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