Annihilation and Gravitational Clumping of Monopoles in the Early Universe

Details Annihilation and Gravitational Clumping of Monopoles in the Early Universe Annihilation and Gravitational Clumping of Monopoles in the Early Universe

Oct 1983

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1983pthph..70.1024i&link_type=abstract

Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 1024-1033

Physics

6

Scientific paper

In order to avoid the overproduction of magnetic monopoles in the early Universe, we investigate how monopoles evolve in the Big Bang Universe for arbitrary mass of monopoles and the arbitrary initial abundance. First, we calculate pair annihilation of monopoles by taking into accout the entropy production due to the annihilations. Second, we investigate the formation of monopole stars and black holes due to gravitational clumping of monopoles. In particular, we take into account the entropy and baryon number generation by black hole evaporation. It is shown, however, that the burning of monopole stars or the evaporation of black holes cannot dilute the monopole abundance sufficiently without conflicts with present baryon/ entropy ratio and primordial nucleosynthesis regardless of monopole mass.

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