Angular momentum and the geometrical gauge of localized photon staes

Details Angular momentum and the geometrical gauge of localized photon staes Angular momentum and the geometrical gauge of localized photon staes

2004-08-03

arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0408017v1

Phys. Rev. A 71, 033816 (2005)

Physics

Quantum Physics

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevA.71.033816

Localized photon states have non-zero angular momentum that varies with the non-unique choice of a transverse basis and is changed by gauge transformations of the geometric vector potential $\mathbf{a}$. The position operator must depend on the choice of gauge, but a complete gauge transformation of a physically distinct state has no observable effects. The potential $\mathbf{a}$ has a Dirac string singularity that is related to an optical vortex of the electric field.

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