An interpretation of Australian rainfall projections

Physics

Scientific paper

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Global Change: Climate Dynamics (0429, 3309), Atmospheric Processes: Climatology (1616, 1620, 3305, 4215, 8408), Atmospheric Processes: Climate Change And Variability (1616, 1635, 3309, 4215, 4513), Oceanography: General: Climate And Interannual Variability (1616, 1635, 3305, 3309, 4513), Global Change: Climate Variability (1635, 3305, 3309, 4215, 4513)

Scientific paper

The majority of climate models project a winter rainfall reduction over south-eastern Australia (SEA), while some show a tendency for a summer rainfall increase. The dynamics for these rainfall changes are not clear. Using outputs from a climate model, we show that a summer rainfall increase is consistent with a large Tasman Sea warming promoting convection, and an upward trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) promoting onshore flows; these processes dominate over a rainfall decrease from an El Niño-like warming pattern. In winter, similar effects from a Tasman Sea warming and an upward SAM trend operate along Australia's east coast, however, the rain-reducing impact of an Indian Ocean Dipole-like warming pattern dominates. In both seasons, the upward SAM trend causes a rainfall reduction over southern Australia. Summer rainfall over north-western Australia is projected to decrease, due to an unrealistic relationship with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Possible uncertainties are discussed.

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