Accretion Subdisks around Protoplanets in Protoplanetary Disks

Physics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

A proto-Jovian planet begins to grow by gas accretion when massive atmosphere around the solid core become unstable and contract quasi-statically. In order to clarify the gas-accretion phase and obtain the growth time of Jovian planets we perform 2-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of gas flows around the protoplanets with various masses using local rotating coordinates with very fine spatial resolutions. We find that (1) An accretion subdisk with two spiral shock waves induced by the solar tidal potential was formed around the protoplanet when the planet mass is in 20--250 Earth masses; (2) The minimum growth time from the onset of the atmospheric instability (~ 10 Earth masses) to the present mass of Jupiter (~ 300 Earth masses) is determined by subdisk accretion rate and is about 1700 years, whereas the Kelvin-Helmholtz time may be longer than the time scale when the planet mass is lower than about 30 Earth mass.

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