Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1999
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1999grco....5..261b&link_type=abstract
Gravit. Cosmol., Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 261 - 271
Physics
Accretion Disks: Black Holes, Accretion Disks: Turbulence, Accretion Disks: Heating
Scientific paper
Accretion is the main source of energy in binary X-ray sources inside the Galaxy, and most probably in active galactic nuclei, where numerous observational data for the existence of supermassive black holes have been obtained. Standard accretion disk theory is formulated which is based on local heat balance. The whole energy produced by turbulent viscous heating is supposed to be emitted to the sides of the disk. Sources of turbulence in the accretion disk are discussed, including nonlinear hydrodynamic turbulence, convection and magnetic field. In standard theory there are two branches of solution, optically thick, anti-optically thin, which are individually self-consistent. The choice between these solutions should be done on the basis of a stability analysis. Advection in the accretion disks is described by differential equations, which makes the theory nonlocal. The low-luminosity optically thin accretion disk model with advection under some conditions may become advectively dominated, carrying almost all the energy inside the black hole. A proper account for magnetic field in the process of accretion limits the energy advected into a black hole, and does not allow the radiative efficiency of accretion to become lower than about 1/4 of the standard accretion disk model efficiency.
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