Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Aug 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006iaujd..16e..61v&link_type=abstract
Nomenclature, Precession and New Models in Fundamental Astronomy, 26th meeting of the IAU, Joint Discussion 16, 22-23 August 200
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
Scientific paper
The dynamical theory of the motion of the Earth is developed in such a way that considers the centre of mass of the Earth as a fixed point and it shows the existence of 3 axes(rotation, figure and angular momentum) that can be adopted for any system of celestial or terrestrial coordinates. Some of the theories developed do not clearly specify which of these axes is adopted as a reference axis. This is nowadays very important because of the modern observational techniques, for instance, VLBI, SLR and GPS, leading to precisions, at least, of milli-arc-seconds. Another approach is to try to define a reference axis from the astronomical observations. It has the advantage that we are dealing with observed values and not theoretical models. We have nowadays a better knowledge about the Chandler and annual components of polar motion than when this approach was employed in the definition of the Conventional International Origin (CIO) in 1967, which was adopted by the IAU and IUGG as a standard of any reference system. The reduction of about 20 years of modern observations permits us to define a better reference axis and, therefore, another conventional origin called Conventional International Reference Origin (CIRO). It should be emphasized the need for such an improved reference axis and it is proposed its adoption as a new international standard.
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