A two-component solar cycle

Physics

Scientific paper

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Solar Corona, Solar Cycles, Solar Terrestrial Interactions, Solar Wind Velocity, Annual Variations, Solar Activity Effects, Solar Wind, Velocity Distribution

Scientific paper

The solar wind plasma flow is considered in a coronal field whose source is a dipole. The temporal evolution of the dipole source as well as any small-scale evolution occurring in the associated coronal-field topology can be closely monitored from the latitudinal distribution of the solar wind velocity. From a previously analyzed geomagnetic data series, the Aa index is found to be closely linked to the wind velocity at the power 2.25. From this data set the behavior of the solar dipole field from the year 1868 onward can be reconstructed. The main result found is that the solar cycle has two distinct components, dipole and toroidal, of which the respective cycles are out of phase. The toroidal component is strongly linked, with a 5-6 yr delay, to the preceding dipole component.

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