A Study of Multiple and Single Onset Substorms Selected Using GOES 10 Magnetic Field Data

Physics

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2704 Auroral Phenomena (2407), 2790 Substorms

Scientific paper

A return to a more dipolar configuration of the magnetic field on the night side, near synchronous orbit, is one good indicator of a substorm expansion phase onset. Substorm expansion phase onsets for this study were selected by requiring a well-defined increase in the z-component of the magnetic field measured by the GOES 10 satellite. Event selection was subject to 2 restrictions: an increase in the z-component of the magnetic field greater than 10 nT in GSM coordinates and GOES 10 was located on the night side within 3 hours either side of local midnight during the months of August through November of the years 2000 through 2004. These time restrictions allowed for events selected using GOES 10 to be compared with events selected using the HYDRA electron flux instrument on the Polar satellite, as presented by Larson et al. [Fall 2007 AGU Meeting]. Of the 119 events selected using GOES 10, 9 events overlapped with this previous study. As expected, the 119 events closely correlated with ground-based auroral zone Pi2 data. Substorms were classified as either single or multiple onset, the latter being differentiated from the former by observing one or more subsequent Pi2 intensifications. The ratio of multiple onset to single onset substorms was found to be 2:1. Using ground-based Pi2 data it was found that in general the magnetic latitude of the initial onset of the multiple onset events was lower than the magnetic latitude of single onset events. Multiple onset events were found between 62 and 67 degrees and single onset events between 65 and 73 degrees, with single onset events being an average of one degree higher in latitude. Additionally, the time interval between Pi2 intensifications for multiple onset events was found to have a range of 9 to 30 minutes with an average of 19 minutes. The local time distribution of events used in this study corresponded to 63 percent of events occurring before local midnight. An analysis of the value of the z-component of the magnetic field at onset and the resulting increase of the z-component indicated that on average there was no difference between single and multiple onset substorms.

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