A study of bidirectional reflectance functions for broken cloud fields over ocean

Physics

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Scientific paper

Improvements of algorithms which convert satellite radiance measurements into hemispherical outgoing fluxes are investigated both from the experimental and the theoretical point of view. Co-located regional fluxes obtained by NOAA-9 and ERBS earth radiation budget measurements were found to have an average SW error attributable to presently used BDRFs of -0.02 +/- 0.13, -0.03 +/- 0.13,-0.02 +/- 0.09 and -0.01 +/- 0.09 for clear sky, partly cloudy, mostly cloudy and overcast respectively. Results of a semi-empirical radiative transfer model indicate that the reflection behaviour of mixed cloud-ocean scenes basically behave like the linear superposition of the individual components. Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations show that cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties are important parameters in case of non-optical thick clouds. We conclude that a notable improvement of the flux retrieval from radiance measurements can be expected only if those measurements are guided by spatially higher resolved measurements of the cloud fractions for different cloud types within the cloudy satellite scene.

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